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Writer's pictureBecky Halls

What are Neuropeptides?

Hello, fellow biohackers! 🌟 Today, I'm talking about the fascinating world of neuropeptides. These tiny molecules play a colossal role in our brain function and overall well-being. But what exactly are neuropeptides, and how can we harness their power for optimal health and performance? Let’s explore...


What are Neuropeptides: The Basics


Neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other. They act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, or hormones, influencing various physiological processes and behaviors. Unlike traditional neurotransmitters (such as dopamine and serotonin), which often have a fast, short-lived effect, neuropeptides can have longer-lasting impacts on brain function and body processes. I first came across neuropeptides when researching treatments for my autistic daughter. The concept of using peptides to treat various conditions still seems a very grey area in most countries but there is growing evidence coming from Russia that these tiny molecules can make a lot of difference and have a huge potential for managing some quite serious conditions. Alongside this, there are various studies into the benefits of peptides for anti-aging and overall health improvements. It's an exciting area and one I intend to find out a lot more about... Keep posted as I am currently trialling some peptides with my family so I'll share our updates in due course!


what are neuropeptides? they look like small molecules attached to each other in order to communicate and transmit messages

How Neuropeptides Work


Neuropeptides are synthesized in the cell body of a neuron and transported to the nerve terminal, where they are stored in vesicles. Upon stimulation, these vesicles release neuropeptides into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to specific receptors on target cells, triggering various cellular responses.


Key Neuropeptides and Their Functions


There are over 100 different neuropeptides, each with unique roles. Here are some of the most well-known neuropeptides and their functions:


  1. Endorphins

    • Function: Often called the body’s natural painkillers, endorphins help to reduce pain and induce feelings of euphoria.

    • Biohacking Tip: Engage in high-intensity exercise or activities that promote laughter to boost endorphin levels.

  2. Oxytocin

    • Function: Known as the “love hormone,” oxytocin plays a crucial role in social bonding, sexual reproduction, and childbirth.

    • Biohacking Tip: Foster close relationships and engage in activities like hugging or pet therapy to increase oxytocin production.

  3. Substance P

    • Function: Involved in pain perception and the inflammatory response.

    • Biohacking Tip: Manage stress and inflammation through mindfulness practices and anti-inflammatory diets to modulate substance P levels.

  4. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)

    • Function: Regulates appetite, anxiety, and stress responses.

    • Biohacking Tip: Practice stress management techniques such as yoga and meditation to help balance NPY levels.

  5. Vasopressin

    • Function: Regulates water retention in the body and is also involved in social behaviors and memory formation.

    • Biohacking Tip: Stay hydrated and engage in cognitive training exercises to support vasopressin function.

  6. Galanin

    • Function: Involved in modulating mood, feeding behavior, and pain.

    • Biohacking Tip: Maintain a balanced diet and regular sleep patterns to optimize galanin levels.


Neuropeptides and Brain Health


Neuropeptides play a significant role in brain health, influencing everything from mood and cognition to stress response and social interactions. Here’s how they contribute to various aspects of brain function:


Mood Regulation

Neuropeptides like endorphins, oxytocin, and neuropeptide Y are critical in regulating mood. For example, endorphins can create feelings of happiness and euphoria, while oxytocin promotes bonding and emotional connection. Biohacking strategies to enhance mood-related neuropeptides include regular physical activity, social engagement, and mindfulness practices.


a girl practising mindfulness outdoors under a tree

Cognitive Function

Vasopressin and other neuropeptides are involved in memory formation and cognitive function. Enhancing these neuropeptides through activities like cognitive training, adequate hydration, and stress management can support brain health and improve mental performance.


Stress Response

Neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y and substance P are integral to the body’s stress response. Balancing these neuropeptides can help mitigate the negative effects of chronic stress. Techniques like meditation, yoga, and proper nutrition can be effective biohacks for managing stress-related neuropeptides.


Biohacking Neuropeptides: Practical Tips


As biohackers, we’re always looking for ways to optimize our body’s natural processes. Here are some practical tips to enhance the function of key neuropeptides:


1. Maintain Strong Social Connections

  • Why It Works: Positive social interactions increase oxytocin and other bonding-related neuropeptides.

  • Biohack: Schedule regular meet-ups with friends, engage in group activities, and practice gratitude and empathy.


2. Practice Stress Management

  • Why It Works: Techniques like mindfulness and meditation can balance neuropeptides involved in the stress response.

  • Biohack: Dedicate time each day to mindfulness practices, deep breathing exercises, or yoga.


3. Get Adequate Sleep

  • Why It Works: Sleep is crucial for the regulation of neuropeptides related to mood, appetite, and cognitive function.

  • Biohack: Establish a consistent sleep schedule, create a restful environment, and avoid screens before bedtime.


4. Hydrate Properly

  • Why It Works: Hydration is essential for vasopressin function, which regulates water balance and cognitive performance.

  • Biohack: Drink plenty of water throughout the day and monitor your hydration levels.


5. Pair Intermittent Fasting with Ketogenic Diet

  • Why It Works: Intermittent fasting can increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), while a ketogenic diet supports cognitive function by providing a steady supply of ketones as an energy source.

  • Biohack: Implement a 16:8 fasting protocol (16 hours fasting, 8 hours eating) combined with a high-fat, low-carb ketogenic diet to optimize neuropeptide and BDNF levels.


6. Supplement with Adaptogens and Nootropics

  • Why It Works: Adaptogens like ashwagandha and rhodiola can help balance stress-related neuropeptides, while nootropics like lion’s mane mushroom and phosphatidylserine support cognitive function.

  • Biohack: Create a supplement stack that includes adaptogens and nootropics to support a balanced neuropeptide profile and enhance cognitive performance.


a selection of Adaptogens and Nootropics

7. Integrate Biofeedback and Neurofeedback Training

  • Why It Works: Biofeedback and neurofeedback can help you gain conscious control over physiological functions, enhancing stress resilience and optimizing neuropeptide balance.

  • Biohack: Use biofeedback devices to monitor heart rate variability (HRV) and neurofeedback systems to train brainwave patterns, promoting a balanced neuropeptide profile and improved mental performance.


8. Use Red Light Therapy with Meditation

  • Why It Works: Red light therapy can enhance cellular energy production and reduce inflammation, while meditation increases oxytocin and reduces stress-related neuropeptides.

  • Biohack: Incorporate red light therapy sessions before or during meditation to enhance relaxation, boost oxytocin, and improve overall neuropeptide function.



9. Combine Physical Exercise with Cold Exposure

  • Why It Works: Exercise boosts endorphins and neuropeptide Y, while cold exposure (like ice baths or cryotherapy) can further enhance endorphin levels and reduce inflammation.

  • Biohack: Finish your workout with a cold shower or ice bath to amplify the release of endorphins and support recovery.




a group of women running outdoors along a road

My 5 Top Products for Enhancing Neuropeptides


Enhancing neuropeptide function can significantly impact your overall well-being, cognitive function, and stress resilience. Here are my 5 top-rated products that can help you optimize your neuropeptide levels and maximize your biohacking efforts:


  1. Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides

    • Overview: Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides are sourced from grass-fed, pasture-raised bovine hides to ensure a high-quality source of this key protein.

    • Benefits:

      • Supports Skin Health: Collagen peptides help improve skin elasticity and hydration, reducing wrinkles and promoting a youthful appearance.

      • Promotes Joint Health: These peptides support joint health by maintaining the integrity of cartilage, which is crucial for joint function.

      • Enhances Gut Health: Collagen helps strengthen the gut lining, which can improve digestive health and support the gut-brain axis, influencing neuropeptide production.

    • How to Use: Mix into coffee, smoothies, or any beverage for an easy daily boost.

    • Link: Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides


  2. Great Lakes Gelatin Collagen Hydrolysate

    • Overview: Great Lakes Gelatin Collagen Hydrolysate is made from hydrolyzed collagen, which is easily absorbed by the body and supports various aspects of health.

    • Benefits:

      • Improves Connective Tissue Health: These peptides support the health of connective tissues, including tendons, ligaments, and skin.

      • Aids in Muscle Recovery: Collagen peptides can help repair muscle tissues, making them beneficial for post-workout recovery.

      • Supports Bone Health: Collagen is a major component of bones, and supplementing with collagen peptides can help maintain bone strength and density.

    • How to Use: Dissolves easily in hot or cold liquids, making it convenient to add to your favorite beverages.

    • Link: Great Lakes Gelatin Collagen Hydrolysate


  3. Ancestral Supplements Grass-Fed Beef Organs

    • Overview: Ancestral Supplements Grass-Fed Beef Organs provide a rich source of bioactive peptides and other essential nutrients derived from grass-fed, pasture-raised bovine organs.

    • Benefits:

      • Rich in Bioactive Peptides: Supports overall health, including energy levels, cognitive function, and immune response.

      • Nutrient-Dense: Provides a wide range of vitamins and minerals that are crucial for maintaining optimal health.

      • Supports Organ Health: Taking organ supplements can support the health of corresponding organs in the body.

    • How to Use: Take as a dietary supplement according to the recommended dosage.

    • Link: Ancestral Supplements Grass-Fed Beef Organs


  4. Thorne Research Phosphatidylserine

    • Overview: Thorne Research Phosphatidylserine contains phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid that is essential for cognitive function and is rich in bioactive peptides.

    • Benefits:

      • Enhances Cognitive Function: Phosphatidylserine supports memory, focus, and overall cognitive performance.

      • Reduces Stress: Helps modulate the body’s response to stress by supporting adrenal function and balancing cortisol levels.

      • Supports Cellular Health: Phosphatidylserine is a critical component of cell membranes, supporting cell integrity and function.

    • How to Use: Take as a dietary supplement according to the recommended dosage.

    • Link: Thorne Research Phosphatidylserine


  5. NutraCollagen Marine Collagen Peptides

    • Overview: NutraCollagen Marine Collagen Peptides are sourced from wild-caught fish, providing a high-quality source of marine collagen.

    • Benefits:

      • Promotes Skin Health: Marine collagen peptides support skin elasticity, hydration, and overall skin health.

      • Supports Joint and Bone Health: These peptides help maintain the strength and flexibility of joints and bones.

      • Enhances Muscle Recovery: Marine collagen aids in muscle repair and recovery, making it beneficial for athletes and active individuals.

    • How to Use: Mix into water, juice, or smoothies for a daily peptide boost.

    • Link: NutraCollagen Marine Collagen Peptides


Conclusion


Neuropeptides and bioactive peptides are powerful molecules that play vital roles in our brain function, mood regulation, stress response, and overall health. By understanding how they work and implementing biohacking strategies to enhance their function, we can optimize our well-being and performance. Whether through dietary changes, supplements, or lifestyle modifications, harnessing the power of these peptides can elevate your biohacking journey to new heights.


Stay curious, stay healthy, and keep biohacking, lovelies! 🌟🧠


References:


  1. Neumann, I. D., & Landgraf, R. (2012). Balance of brain oxytocin and vasopressin: implications for anxiety, depression, and social behaviors. Trends in Neurosciences, 35(11), 649-659.

  2. Greco, R., Mangione, A. S., Amantea, D., Bagetta, G., & Nisticò, R. (2012). Traumatic brain injury and neuroprotection: insights from a role of neuropeptide Y. Peptides, 34(2), 363-366.

  3. Hökfelt, T., & Strand, F. L. (2018). Neuropeptides and peptide hormones in brain function. Comprehensive Physiology, 8(3), 1169-1198.

  4. Dumitru, M., & Ramaswami, M. (2017). Neuropeptides: circuits that link behavior to physiology. Neuron, 93(2), 217-238.

  5. Mahapatra, A., & Maiti, R. (2018). Mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory neuropeptides and their therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases. International Journal of Neuroscience, 128(4), 253-267.

  6. Zhang, C., & Russell, R. (2018). Neuropeptide Y and its relationship with exercise in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 16(1), 25-30.

  7. Korhonen, H., & Pihlanto, A. (2006). Bioactive peptides: Production and functionality. International Dairy Journal, 16(9), 945-960.

  8. Hartmann, R., & Meisel, H. (2007). Food-derived peptides with biological activity: from research to food applications. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 18(2), 163-169.

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